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Betancourt
Gordon thinks Minoan Semitic
everyone agrees lots of Semitic words, possibly loanwords, in Linear A
bronzeworking was probably what led the Minoans to the Near East
Stated another way, a herdsman could both raise goats and make the world’s finest cheese, or a master potter could supervise all stages in a Kamares Ware workshop from digging the clay to firing the pots, but a miner digging twelve hours a day to get copper ore could not be depended upon to get the tin from hundreds or thousands of miles away and then use these materials to make an art object of the highest quality, at least not in quantities large enough to be economically feasible.
The shepherds did not make the cloth, from LM III
Barber
Sometimes 200 threads to the inch in 1500 BCE Egypt, plain white linen
Europeans spun highly ornate patterns, first linen and then wool
Aegean patterns easiest to reproduce using European weaving techniques, not Levant
suggests we need to take more seriously Minoan roots in the Balkan
slow evolution in the Aegean, whereas they suddenly appear in Egypt
wool uniquely among fibers can be felted to make it impervious to wind and almost waterproof
probably used on ships to protect passengers from the elements (see Thera frescoes)
Egyptians houses had flat rooves of dried mud, and in order to keep the dried mud from crumbling down onto the occupants, they placed colorful woven mats on top of the roofbeams before applying the mats above.
Linen is very difficult to dye
The Egyptians did not have woolly sheep
Watrous
prevailing NW winds in the Eastern Mediterranean, northern currents along the Levantine coast
Minoans probably sailed directly south and east
conventional counterclockwise route to get back from Egypt, unless they wanted to wait for more southerly winds
monumental ashlar facades used in Minoan palaces is Syrian, not Egyptian
plan of the palaces resembles nothing else, best understood as a local development
Minoan deities do not seem to have ever been depicted by the Cretans in any of the wide range of their bronze, clay, stone, and painted images.
the gods were depicted pantheistically in forces of Nature
Egyptian amulets, burial practices, even boats in the tombs, all reflected/imitated in Crete
knowledge of amulet magic probably introduced by sailors
Hankey-Leonard
Kantor drew the conclusion that Mycenaeans began trading with the Levant and Egypt before the Minoans (earliest LB I and II pottery is Mycenaean)
has not been seriously challenged, but can be modified
LH I is thought to have begun at the end of the Second Intermediate Period, and before the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty (Thutmose III)
LH IIA is contemporary with the reign of Thutmose III, which included the regency of Hatshepshut
LH IIB is not easily defined from stratigraphy, contemporary with the late reign of Thutmose III (co-regency with Amenhotep II) to early Amenhotep III
The Thebans, and not the Hyksos, were in contact with Knossos, where it is possible (but not proven) that a woman, the Mistress of Animals, occupied the throne of Minos. He suggests that Aahotep, the Egyptian born wife of Sekenenre Tao, and mother of Kamose and Ahmose, may hold the key to the Minoan wall- paintings at Avaris. Her superlative titles on the victory stele of Ahmose set up at Karnak may represent a dynastic link between the Thebans and Knossos.44 If this suggestion proves correct, a Minoan presence in Egypt during the later Hyksos period can be added to the sparse evidence for Minoan activity at that time in the south-eastern Mediterranean and the Nile Valley,45 and a prelude to the arrival of Aegean envoys and bearers depicted in the Theban tombs during the reigns of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. Indeed, fact at Avaris may prove to be stranger than fiction — a remarkable woman came from Crete with Minoan forces. She or her daughter became accepted as an Egyptian, married a Theban hero, and was celebrated at Avaris for her part in the salvation of the Two Lands.
If the Minoans were living in Tell Dab'a making large paintings, why no pottery evidence of their presence? If, as suggested by Marinatos, Minoan ships ferried Mycenaean forces to Egypt to fight on the Theban side against the Hyksos, why no pottery evidence of mainland presence?
Rehak
Keftiu paintings in the tombs of Senenmut, Antef, Useramun, Rekhmire, Menkheperresoneb
Rekhmire: conventional date 1450, end of LM IB/LH IIA according to the high chronology
both kilt and breechcloth with codpiece have long history on Crete and in the Cyclades
early representations of the human figure on the mainland are almost entirely lacking until the Middle Helladic/early Mycenaean populations came into contact with Crete, so we don't really know what they wore
Shaft Grave depictions wear "shorts", heavy fabric or leather strips, perhaps sewn onto a base garment and evidently worn over the breechcloth
most paintings seem to be copies of paintings, not direct paintings by people who had seen the original Cretans or their objects
some Vapheio cups are depicted as large as suitcases
Rehak thinks copies of copies
Stannish suggests maybe Egyptians trying to create a sense of balance
Laffineur
Minoan imports very numerous
no evidence that they declined over time during the early LBA while Mycenaean increased
Gordon thinks Minoan Semitic
everyone agrees lots of Semitic words, possibly loanwords, in Linear A
bronzeworking was probably what led the Minoans to the Near East
Stated another way, a herdsman could both raise goats and make the world’s finest cheese, or a master potter could supervise all stages in a Kamares Ware workshop from digging the clay to firing the pots, but a miner digging twelve hours a day to get copper ore could not be depended upon to get the tin from hundreds or thousands of miles away and then use these materials to make an art object of the highest quality, at least not in quantities large enough to be economically feasible.
The shepherds did not make the cloth, from LM III
Barber
Sometimes 200 threads to the inch in 1500 BCE Egypt, plain white linen
Europeans spun highly ornate patterns, first linen and then wool
Aegean patterns easiest to reproduce using European weaving techniques, not Levant
suggests we need to take more seriously Minoan roots in the Balkan
slow evolution in the Aegean, whereas they suddenly appear in Egypt
wool uniquely among fibers can be felted to make it impervious to wind and almost waterproof
probably used on ships to protect passengers from the elements (see Thera frescoes)
Egyptians houses had flat rooves of dried mud, and in order to keep the dried mud from crumbling down onto the occupants, they placed colorful woven mats on top of the roofbeams before applying the mats above.
Linen is very difficult to dye
The Egyptians did not have woolly sheep
Watrous
prevailing NW winds in the Eastern Mediterranean, northern currents along the Levantine coast
Minoans probably sailed directly south and east
conventional counterclockwise route to get back from Egypt, unless they wanted to wait for more southerly winds
monumental ashlar facades used in Minoan palaces is Syrian, not Egyptian
plan of the palaces resembles nothing else, best understood as a local development
Minoan deities do not seem to have ever been depicted by the Cretans in any of the wide range of their bronze, clay, stone, and painted images.
the gods were depicted pantheistically in forces of Nature
Egyptian amulets, burial practices, even boats in the tombs, all reflected/imitated in Crete
knowledge of amulet magic probably introduced by sailors
Hankey-Leonard
Kantor drew the conclusion that Mycenaeans began trading with the Levant and Egypt before the Minoans (earliest LB I and II pottery is Mycenaean)
has not been seriously challenged, but can be modified
LH I is thought to have begun at the end of the Second Intermediate Period, and before the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty (Thutmose III)
LH IIA is contemporary with the reign of Thutmose III, which included the regency of Hatshepshut
LH IIB is not easily defined from stratigraphy, contemporary with the late reign of Thutmose III (co-regency with Amenhotep II) to early Amenhotep III
The Thebans, and not the Hyksos, were in contact with Knossos, where it is possible (but not proven) that a woman, the Mistress of Animals, occupied the throne of Minos. He suggests that Aahotep, the Egyptian born wife of Sekenenre Tao, and mother of Kamose and Ahmose, may hold the key to the Minoan wall- paintings at Avaris. Her superlative titles on the victory stele of Ahmose set up at Karnak may represent a dynastic link between the Thebans and Knossos.44 If this suggestion proves correct, a Minoan presence in Egypt during the later Hyksos period can be added to the sparse evidence for Minoan activity at that time in the south-eastern Mediterranean and the Nile Valley,45 and a prelude to the arrival of Aegean envoys and bearers depicted in the Theban tombs during the reigns of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. Indeed, fact at Avaris may prove to be stranger than fiction — a remarkable woman came from Crete with Minoan forces. She or her daughter became accepted as an Egyptian, married a Theban hero, and was celebrated at Avaris for her part in the salvation of the Two Lands.
If the Minoans were living in Tell Dab'a making large paintings, why no pottery evidence of their presence? If, as suggested by Marinatos, Minoan ships ferried Mycenaean forces to Egypt to fight on the Theban side against the Hyksos, why no pottery evidence of mainland presence?
Rehak
Keftiu paintings in the tombs of Senenmut, Antef, Useramun, Rekhmire, Menkheperresoneb
Rekhmire: conventional date 1450, end of LM IB/LH IIA according to the high chronology
both kilt and breechcloth with codpiece have long history on Crete and in the Cyclades
early representations of the human figure on the mainland are almost entirely lacking until the Middle Helladic/early Mycenaean populations came into contact with Crete, so we don't really know what they wore
Shaft Grave depictions wear "shorts", heavy fabric or leather strips, perhaps sewn onto a base garment and evidently worn over the breechcloth
most paintings seem to be copies of paintings, not direct paintings by people who had seen the original Cretans or their objects
some Vapheio cups are depicted as large as suitcases
Rehak thinks copies of copies
Stannish suggests maybe Egyptians trying to create a sense of balance
Laffineur
Minoan imports very numerous
no evidence that they declined over time during the early LBA while Mycenaean increased
