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Western Anatolian EBA
Troy was first occupied ca. 3100-3000
BA already underway for a century or two
Only one of a string of impressive fortified coastal settlements
Troy I 3100/3000-2600/2550
fortification wall
megaron
metal present from the beginning
marble/limestone human figurines but no FAFs, no specific occupations like warriors
dark monochrome burnished ware
pit burials, infants in pithoi
There is evidence for a destruction by fire of Troy Ij.
Early Troy I contemporary with Eutresis culture EH I and advanced Kampos phase of Grotta-Pelos culture EC I
Middle & Late Troy I contemporary with Korakou EH IIA and Keros-Syros EC IIA on the basis of imported urfirnis and sauceboats
Troy II 2600/2550-2250
no cultural break from Troy I or in Troy II
fortifications extended, rectangular projecting towers
end of IIa, citadel destroyed by fire
megara
antae: shaped stone bases attached to the thickened ends of the lateral walls
no evidence for the throne found in later Mycenaean megara or the specifics of Myc. megara (but circular hearth yes)
large amounts of gold and silver
Kastri on Syros shows clear Trojan influence (metalwork and pottery), may have been settled by refugees after Troy II destruction
pottery becomes more red and tan and less black as Troy II progresses
evidence for use of fast wheel
intramural child burial, adults outside the settlement
contemporary with middle & later stages of Korakou EH IIA and Kyros-Seros EC IIA
Troy III 2250-2100/2050
town demolished at end of Troy III for no obvious reason
free-standing houses rare, mostly apartment complexes
tendency to construct buildings entirely of stone instead of mudbrick on stone socle
not much metal found
terracotta animal figurines appear for the first time, can't tell if they're dogs, sheep, cattle, or what
pottery virtually indistinguishable from Troy II
more deer bones than anything, so increase in hunting, but we're not sure why
contemporary with EC IIB Lefkandi I & Kastri Group, BG & HoT (Lerna III) EH IIA
I-III should be viewed as a unity, Maritime Troia culture
Troy IV 2100/2050-2000/1950
traces of fortification wall, not substantial
houses built on a different orientation, once again mudbrick on a stone socle
little metal
at least partially contemporary with EH III (wing-handled Troy cup found at Lerna IV, EH III pottery fragment at Troy IV)
Troy V
2000/1950-1900/1850
no evidence of destruction at the end
no fortification wall found, but evidence that there may have been one
better architecture, cleaner rooms = less material for archaeologist
general rise of living
pig & cow bones overtake deer
probably contemporary with Phylakopi I MC I and earlies MH I and MM IA
Troy IV-V viewed as Anatolian Troia culture
Limantepe central west coast, near modern Izmir
impressive fortifications now extending underwater where the sea has risen
Kastri group pottery, this area may have been the origin of the Anatolian influence on Cyclades, whether peacefully or by warrior bands moving east to west
Thermi on Lesbos clearly belongs to Maritime Troia culture
more egalitarian walled town in contrast to hierarchically organized royal fortress of Troy
BA already underway for a century or two
Only one of a string of impressive fortified coastal settlements
Troy I 3100/3000-2600/2550
fortification wall
megaron
metal present from the beginning
marble/limestone human figurines but no FAFs, no specific occupations like warriors
dark monochrome burnished ware
pit burials, infants in pithoi
There is evidence for a destruction by fire of Troy Ij.
Early Troy I contemporary with Eutresis culture EH I and advanced Kampos phase of Grotta-Pelos culture EC I
Middle & Late Troy I contemporary with Korakou EH IIA and Keros-Syros EC IIA on the basis of imported urfirnis and sauceboats
Troy II 2600/2550-2250
no cultural break from Troy I or in Troy II
fortifications extended, rectangular projecting towers
end of IIa, citadel destroyed by fire
megara
antae: shaped stone bases attached to the thickened ends of the lateral walls
no evidence for the throne found in later Mycenaean megara or the specifics of Myc. megara (but circular hearth yes)
large amounts of gold and silver
Kastri on Syros shows clear Trojan influence (metalwork and pottery), may have been settled by refugees after Troy II destruction
pottery becomes more red and tan and less black as Troy II progresses
evidence for use of fast wheel
intramural child burial, adults outside the settlement
contemporary with middle & later stages of Korakou EH IIA and Kyros-Seros EC IIA
Troy III 2250-2100/2050
town demolished at end of Troy III for no obvious reason
free-standing houses rare, mostly apartment complexes
tendency to construct buildings entirely of stone instead of mudbrick on stone socle
not much metal found
terracotta animal figurines appear for the first time, can't tell if they're dogs, sheep, cattle, or what
pottery virtually indistinguishable from Troy II
more deer bones than anything, so increase in hunting, but we're not sure why
contemporary with EC IIB Lefkandi I & Kastri Group, BG & HoT (Lerna III) EH IIA
I-III should be viewed as a unity, Maritime Troia culture
Troy IV 2100/2050-2000/1950
traces of fortification wall, not substantial
houses built on a different orientation, once again mudbrick on a stone socle
little metal
at least partially contemporary with EH III (wing-handled Troy cup found at Lerna IV, EH III pottery fragment at Troy IV)
Troy V
2000/1950-1900/1850
no evidence of destruction at the end
no fortification wall found, but evidence that there may have been one
better architecture, cleaner rooms = less material for archaeologist
general rise of living
pig & cow bones overtake deer
probably contemporary with Phylakopi I MC I and earlies MH I and MM IA
Troy IV-V viewed as Anatolian Troia culture
Limantepe central west coast, near modern Izmir
impressive fortifications now extending underwater where the sea has risen
Kastri group pottery, this area may have been the origin of the Anatolian influence on Cyclades, whether peacefully or by warrior bands moving east to west
Thermi on Lesbos clearly belongs to Maritime Troia culture
more egalitarian walled town in contrast to hierarchically organized royal fortress of Troy