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True shaft graves relatively rare
MH - LH I Lerna
1600-1500 GCA
1650-1550 GCB
shaft = enlarged cist grave entered through the roof from a shaft
Mycenaean GCA&B may have been covered with low tumuli, or not
GCA&B larger, more robust inhabitants
multiple burial common in shafts, single in cist/pits
adult females don't get masks
grave steles not universal
decorated tombstones restricted to GCA&B, one 12th century exception
Type A swords longer, Type B swords shorter
Siege Rhyton
Battle Krater
Stag Rhyton (possibly imported from Anatolia)
gold vessels clumsy, probably local, not as good as Minoan craftsmanship
silver vessels better, imports or Minoan craftsmen working at Mycenae
seals & signet rings
amber from the Baltic, through a trade network that did not involve Crete at all
Gray & Yellow Minyan
DP doesn't believe
1) Shaft Grave princes were Cretan conquerors
2) they were European princes (Europe had no chariots, Mycenae not the best place to settle)
3) Shaft Grave princes looted Neopalatial Crete
4) Shaft Grave princes were were well-rewarded princes working for the Egyptian princes of Thebes, who drove the Hyksos out after 1570 (too sudden when Mycenaean wealth accumulates over a century)
no evidence for major destruction levels on Crete at this time
DP believes special relationship between Mycenaean prince and Cretan ruler(s)
Cretans had shipfaring technology, Mycenaeans did not
Possibilities:
1) tribute from Knossos to Mycenae. Not likely.
2) payment for raw material found on the mainland (but no likely candidates)
3) payment for raw material controlled by mainland, like tin
tin obtained from Near East during Old Palatial period, but trade networks may have broken down due to rise of Hittites, military expansion on the part of the Kassites and Hurrians, and conflict between Egyptians and Hyksos
or gold [Davis' theory]
Minoans worked gold sparingly, made it stretch
Mycenaeans worked vast amounts of gold crudely, no need to make it stretch
Minoans had lots of silver, Mycenaean silver objects were of Minoan make
So maybe the Mycenaeans controlled gold, a trade with Transylvania, a brief and short-lived control
certain early Aegean sword types found in Romania
Unusually specific theory, but has the merit of being falsifiable
MH - LH I Lerna
1600-1500 GCA
1650-1550 GCB
shaft = enlarged cist grave entered through the roof from a shaft
Mycenaean GCA&B may have been covered with low tumuli, or not
GCA&B larger, more robust inhabitants
multiple burial common in shafts, single in cist/pits
adult females don't get masks
grave steles not universal
decorated tombstones restricted to GCA&B, one 12th century exception
Type A swords longer, Type B swords shorter
Siege Rhyton
Battle Krater
Stag Rhyton (possibly imported from Anatolia)
gold vessels clumsy, probably local, not as good as Minoan craftsmanship
silver vessels better, imports or Minoan craftsmen working at Mycenae
seals & signet rings
amber from the Baltic, through a trade network that did not involve Crete at all
Gray & Yellow Minyan
DP doesn't believe
1) Shaft Grave princes were Cretan conquerors
2) they were European princes (Europe had no chariots, Mycenae not the best place to settle)
3) Shaft Grave princes looted Neopalatial Crete
4) Shaft Grave princes were were well-rewarded princes working for the Egyptian princes of Thebes, who drove the Hyksos out after 1570 (too sudden when Mycenaean wealth accumulates over a century)
no evidence for major destruction levels on Crete at this time
DP believes special relationship between Mycenaean prince and Cretan ruler(s)
Cretans had shipfaring technology, Mycenaeans did not
Possibilities:
1) tribute from Knossos to Mycenae. Not likely.
2) payment for raw material found on the mainland (but no likely candidates)
3) payment for raw material controlled by mainland, like tin
tin obtained from Near East during Old Palatial period, but trade networks may have broken down due to rise of Hittites, military expansion on the part of the Kassites and Hurrians, and conflict between Egyptians and Hyksos
or gold [Davis' theory]
Minoans worked gold sparingly, made it stretch
Mycenaeans worked vast amounts of gold crudely, no need to make it stretch
Minoans had lots of silver, Mycenaean silver objects were of Minoan make
So maybe the Mycenaeans controlled gold, a trade with Transylvania, a brief and short-lived control
certain early Aegean sword types found in Romania
Unusually specific theory, but has the merit of being falsifiable
